Caste Based Reservation Policy of India:

Caste Based Reservation Policy of India: 

To start off with, what exactly does a reservation policy do? Reservations are provided so as to provide access to seats in multiple areas including government jobs, educational institutions etc. India is a multi-cultural country and the castes cannot be separated from the people. One is recognized on the basis of the castes they belong to. There are certain castes that are not on the same level as the others so reservations are provided so as to maintain the equality. The striking question is whether these reservations truly serve their purpose.

 

The government aims for adequate representation of the backward classes and the advancement for the same. Reservations act as a tool to achieve the same. These provisions are discussed under articles 15 and 16 of the Indian Constitution. A study shows that almost 60% of the seats are reserved for the backward sections of the society. These reservations also help to empower the caste and ask for their active participation in the decision making. Though these reservations are made, is it being used in the fair manner? Since almost 60% is reserved up, only 40% is available on merit which further more acts as a hindrance. Caste based discrimination is not a new concept, it has been practiced since many decades and the repercussions of them are still felt. In India, instead of a class-based reservation it rather a caste-based reservation. The castes instead of trying to come out of their shell try to remain in it so as to gain additional benefits. Reservations is not the only tool that can be adopted to ensure equality as in case of India it creates more inequality. Ignoring the meritorious candidates for those with lesser academic intelligence is inequality in the first place. Another major flaw is that these reservations are only available at a higher level thus leaving out hundreds of children who still cannot have their primary schooling. Politics also plays a crucial role; the ‘adequate’ reservation number is not explicitly mentioned so in states like Tamil Nadu where the backward populations predominate the reservations went up to as much as 80% though the Supreme Court held the cap for 50%. In educational institutes one can enter via the reservations but it then becomes hard for the student to adapt to those situations. An instance was seen wherein a Dalit student had committed a suicide as he was not able to cope up with the academic pressure in IIT Mumbai.

 

Thus, caste-based reservations do not serve its purpose in entirety. Social backwardness is a fluid concept and it cannot be made rigid. The poor must be given this protection irrespective of what caste they belong to. The issue of ‘creamy layer’ arises when divided on the basis of caste. It is not right to spoon feed any particular section of the society but rather provide the people with adequate tools so that they can sustain themselves. The weakening of the correlation between ‘economically backward’ and ‘lower caste’ must be taken into consideration.

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